How can a baseline be modified according to standard procedures?

A baseline in project management refers to the approved version of a project plan that includes scope, time, and cost elements, and it serves as the foundation for measuring project performance. Modifying a baseline is a critical activity that should follow an established change control process to ensure that changes are managed in a structured and controlled manner.

The correct answer is through mutual consent via the change control process. This method ensures that all stakeholders are informed and agree on proposed modifications, maintaining transparency and accountability within the project. The change control process typically includes documented requests for changes, evaluation of the impacts of such changes, and formal approvals before any adjustments are made to the baseline. This systematic approach helps preserve the integrity of the project while accommodating necessary adjustments.

Options that suggest unilateral decisions or informal requests do not adhere to the principles of sound project management. Without mutual consent and an organized procedure, changes could be made arbitrarily, leading to confusion, misalignment, and potential project failure. Similarly, relying solely on external stakeholders' recommendations could bypass the necessary internal consensus and specific context of the project, making the process less effective and increasing the risk of disruptions.