Which factor does NOT affect the value of a product or service?

The historical success of the vendor does not directly affect the intrinsic value of a product or service from the perspective of its utility to a customer. Value is typically derived from how well the product meets the specific needs of the user, the overall cost of ownership, and its availability when required.

Usefulness in addressing users' needs is crucial as it defines whether the product will solve a problem or provide a benefit. Similarly, the cost of ownership is significant because it encompasses all expenses associated with the product over its lifecycle, affecting the perceived financial value. Availability plays a critical role too; a product that cannot be accessed when needed may be of little value despite its potential benefits.

While a vendor's historical success could influence customer perceptions or trust, it does not inherently change the value of the product or service itself. Thus, this factor stands out as one that does not directly influence the core value proposition experienced by the customer.