Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of a System of Systems (SoS)?

Managerial Autonomy is not considered one of the defining characteristics of a System of Systems (SoS). In the context of SoS, the characteristics focus more on the operational and functional aspects of the constituent systems rather than the managerial structures governing them.

For instance, Operational Independence refers to the ability of the individual systems within the SoS to operate independently of one another while still contributing to the overall capabilities of the SoS. This independence is critical for a SoS as it allows for flexibility and adaptability, ensuring that the systems can operate autonomously.

Geographical Distribution highlights that the components of a SoS often exist in different locations, and they may interact or integrate via communication networks. This characteristic emphasizes the dispersed and interconnected nature of the systems, enabling them to collaborate while being physically separated.

Emergent Behavior signifies that the whole system exhibits behaviors and capabilities that are not found in any single constituent system. This characteristic arises from the interactions and collaborations between the different systems within the SoS, leading to complex and often unexpected results or functionalities.

In summary, while the other characteristics pertain to how constituent systems interact and function within a SoS, Managerial Autonomy does not inherently relate to the operational capabilities or independence of the systems involved.